1. Economic loss due to insect pests is estimated at over $204 million in an ‘average’ year on the Canadian Prairies. Which insect pest alone accounts for $160 million of that $204 million?

2. A Grainews article describes a large field in northern Alberta full of herbicide-resistant wild oats. The farmers explain how the field got to that state and what they plan to do about it. An agronomist quoted in the article estimates it will take ______ years of constant and unrelenting effort to fix the field.

3. Rapid uniform emergence is one way to improve return on investment for canola seed. One way to achieve uniform emergence is to place seed into warmer soils. A canola emergence study showed that canola seed in 8°C soils started germinating after two days and achieved full germination two days later. Rapid and uniform. Canola seed in 3°C soils started germinating after five days and achieved full germination after ____ days. (Fill in the blank)